Dinamika Proses Produksi Berita oleh Jurnalis Media Online di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Keywords:
Jurnalis, Media Online, Produksi Berita, Hirarki Pengaruh, Pandemi Corona, Covid-19
Abstract
Artikel ini membahas tentang dinamika proses produksi berita terkait dengan isu Covid-19 oleh jurnalis media online di masa pandemi. Lebih khusus lagi, artikel ini mengkaji perubahan rutinitas organisasi media dan apa saja konsekuensinya terhadap proses produksi berita yang dilakukan oleh para jurnalis media online nasional berikut: Detik.com, Tribunnews.com, Suara.com dan VOI.id selama pandemi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengadaptasi teori hirarki pengaruh Shoemaker dan Reese dan menggunakan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara serta observasi online. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa tidak hanya faktor internal, faktor eksternal juga mempengaruhi pola kerja jurnalis dalam produksi berita di media online tersebut. Salah satu faktor internal yang sangat menentukan adalah rutinitas kerja organisasi media online yang berubah secara dinamis selama masa pandemi. Rutinitas ini terkait dengan empat hal berikut yaitu, perubahan sistem cara dan waktu kerja, karakteristik organisasi media, cara mengakses sumber berita dan karakteristik minat audiens atau statistik jumlah pembaca. Keempat hal ini menjadi faktor-faktor penentu ikut merubah cara kerja jurnalis dalam menyeleksi isu dan isi berita khususnya yang terkait dengan Covid-19 yang diproduksi oleh para jurnalis yang bekerja di media-media tersebut.
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Nygren, G. (2014). Multiskilling in the newsroom–de-skilling or re-skilling of journalistic work?. 1, 22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5617/jmi.v1i2.876
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Omar, B. (2017). Online news production, consumption and immediacy: The remediation perspective. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(3), 250–266. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2017-3303-15
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Relly, J. E., Zanger, M., & Fahmy, S. (2015). Democratic norms and forces of gatekeeping: A study of influences on Iraqi journalists’ attitudes toward government information access. 92(2), 28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699015573195
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Santoso, A. D. R., Lorraine, V., & Ramadhani, P. F. (2021). Manajemen Peliputan Berita oleh Reporter MNC Media di Yogyakarta dalam Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Audiens, 3(1), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.18196/jas.v3i1.11888
Shen, F., & Zhang, Z. A. (2013). Who are the investigative journalists in China? Findings from a survey in 2010. Chinese Journal of Communication, 6(3), 10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2013.816757
Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content. https://doi.org/10.1177/1326365X14540245
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Vu, H. T. (2014). The online audience as gatekeeper: The influence of reader metrics on news editorial selection. 15(8). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913504259
Willnat L, W. D. and C. J. (2017). The global journalist in the twenty-first century: A crossnational. 7(2), 20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.753210
Xu, Y., & Jin, J. (2017). The Hierarchy of Influences on Professional Role Perceptions Among Chinese Online Journalists: A multilevel analysis. Digital Journalism, 5(2), 194–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1162662
Yin, R. K. (2008). Studi Kasus Desain dan Metode (terj.). Raja Grafindo Persada.
Ami Luhur, P. (2019). Pola Komodifikasi Informasi Media Online di Tribunnews [diponegoro university]. http://eprints.undip.ac.id/76628/
Anderson, A. (2017). Source Influence on Journalistic Decisions and News Coverage of Climate Change. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.356
Carlson, M., & Lewis, S. (2015). Boundaries of journalism: Professionalism, practices and participation. Routledge. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=Bg7wBgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Carlson,+M.,+%26+Lewis,+S.+(2015).+Boundaries+of+journalism:+Professionalism,+practices+and+participation.+New+York,+NY:+Routledge.&ots=j4-9BJeHTA&sig=ISjoCCZCdjyigD3MX7jFCl38pAY&
Cawley, A. (2008). Making Online News: The Ethnography of New Media Production (Digital Formations) (D. Paterson, Chris & Domingo (ed.); New). Peter Lang Inc. 978-1433102134
Covid-19, G. T. (2020). Kebijakan PSBB Pilihan Paling Rasional di Tengah COVID-19. https://covid19.go.id/p/berita/kebijakan-psbb-pilihan-paling-rasional-di-tengah-covid-19
Creswell JW. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches. (4th ed.). Sage Publication. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=DLbBDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Creswell+JW.+(2013).+Qualitative+Inquiry+and+Research+Design:+Choosing+among+Five+Approaches.+Thousand+Oaks,+CA:+SAGE.+&ots=-ht12dLTTu&sig=k0HOUbRAm825t9d0f1flaF0NuMs&redir_esc=y#
Ferrucci, P. (2018). Networked: Social media’s impact on news production in digital newsrooms. Newspaper Research Journal, 39(1), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739532918761069
Fidler, D. (2004). SARS, Governance and the Globalization of Disease. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=nSmDDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Fidler+D.+(2004).+SARS,+Governance+and+the+Globalization+of+Disease.+New+York:+Palgrave+Macmillan.&ots=w38CglP5FG&sig=IZy_hudPXr1JsK5bFNYew9T5-nE&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Fidler D.
Gill Branston, R. S. (2010). The Media Student’s Book (5th ed.). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203850640
Gitiyarko, V. (2020). Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penanganan Covid-19. 1. https://kompaspedia.kompas.id/baca/profil/lembaga/gugus-tugas-percepatan-penanganan-covid-19-2
González de Bustamante, Celeste; Relly, J. E. (2016). The practice and study of journalism in zones of violence in Latin America: Mexico as a case study. Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, 5, 21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1386/ajms.5.1.51_1
Hanretty, C. (2014). Media outlets and their moguls: Why concentrated individual or family ownership is bad for editorial independence. European Journal of Communication, 29(3), 34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323114523150
Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2012). Blur; Bagaimana Mengetahui Kebenaran Di Rea Banjir Informasi. DEWAN PERS. http://repo.unikadelasalle.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=7423&keywords=
Krisdinanto, N. (2017). Anomali dan teori hirarki pengaruh terhadap isi media. KOMUNIKATIF : Jurnal Ilmiah Komunikasi, 3(1), 1–18. http://jurnal.wima.ac.id/index.php/KOMUNIKATIF/article/view/1243
Lee-Wright, P., & Phillips, A. (2011). Doing it all in the multi-skilled universe (1st Editio). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203809037-7/multi-skilled-universe-peter-lee-wright-angela-phillips
Nah, S., & Saxton, G. D. (2013). Modeling the adoption and use of social media by nonprofit organizations. 15(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812452411
Nygren, G. (2014). Multiskilling in the newsroom–de-skilling or re-skilling of journalistic work?. 1, 22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5617/jmi.v1i2.876
O’sullivan, J., & Heinonen, A. (2008). Old values, new media: Journalism role perceptions in a changing world. 14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17512780802281081
Omar, B. (2017). Online news production, consumption and immediacy: The remediation perspective. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 33(3), 250–266. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2017-3303-15
Parwati, N. (2021). Analisis Manajemen Redaksi Media Online di Masa Pandemi Covid19 di Tirto.id Yogyakarta. Jurnal Komunika: Jurnal Komunikasi, Media Dan Informatika, 10(2), 94. https://doi.org/10.31504/komunika.v10i2.3979
Reese, S. D. (2007). Journalism research and the hierarchy of influences model: A global perspective. 3(2), 14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v3n2.2007.116
Reese, S. D., & Shoemaker, P. J. (2016). A Media Sociology for the Networked Public Sphere: The Hierarchy of Influences Model. Mass Communication and Society, 19(4), 389–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2016.1174268
Relly, J. E., Zanger, M., & Fahmy, S. (2015). Democratic norms and forces of gatekeeping: A study of influences on Iraqi journalists’ attitudes toward government information access. 92(2), 28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699015573195
Romli, A. S. M. (2018). Jurnalistik online: Panduan mengelola media online. (2nd ed.). Nuansa Cendekia. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=Df7_DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA5&dq=Romli,+A.+S.+M.,+%26+Syamsul,+A.+(2012).+Jurnalistik+online:+panduan+praktis+mengelola+media+online.+Bandung:+Nuansa+Cendekia.+&ots=qEStmXG-Lz&sig=sEDwYO9FjmAGtUCoZYqbqNiNzJk&redi
Santoso, A. D. R., Lorraine, V., & Ramadhani, P. F. (2021). Manajemen Peliputan Berita oleh Reporter MNC Media di Yogyakarta dalam Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Audiens, 3(1), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.18196/jas.v3i1.11888
Shen, F., & Zhang, Z. A. (2013). Who are the investigative journalists in China? Findings from a survey in 2010. Chinese Journal of Communication, 6(3), 10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2013.816757
Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (1996). Mediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content. https://doi.org/10.1177/1326365X14540245
Siapera, E., & Veglis, A. (2012). The handbook of global online journalism. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=u2qigh1W6PYC&oi=fnd&pg=PT10&dq=veglis+2012&ots=gsnAwN148C&sig=AFXyQbXGKV_p0S6997JBGz6ec98&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=veglis 2012&f=false
Smith R, N. E. and D. S. (2015). Covering trauma: Impact on journalists. Dart Center For Journalism and Trauma. http://dartcenter.org/content/covering-trauma-impacton-journalists
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Svensson, M., Sæther, E., & Zhang, Z. A. (2013). Chinese Investigative Journalists’ Dreams: Autonomy, Agency, and Voice. Lexington Books. https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/4065109
Tandoc, E. C., & Takahashi, B. (2018). Journalists are humans, too: A phenomenology of covering the strongest storm on earth. Journalism, 19(7), 917–933. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916657518
Tapsell, R. (2017). Media power in Indonesia: Oligarchs, citizens and the digital revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=YePaDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Tapsell,+R.+(2017).+Media+power+in+Indonesia:+Oligarchs,+citizens+and+the+digital+revolution.+Rowman+%26+Littlefield.&ots=cevqaxxySy&sig=t9HSEqChy5fKPoZsSM-hfMEd8y0&redir_esc=y#v=
Vu, H. T. (2014). The online audience as gatekeeper: The influence of reader metrics on news editorial selection. 15(8). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913504259
Willnat L, W. D. and C. J. (2017). The global journalist in the twenty-first century: A crossnational. 7(2), 20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.753210
Xu, Y., & Jin, J. (2017). The Hierarchy of Influences on Professional Role Perceptions Among Chinese Online Journalists: A multilevel analysis. Digital Journalism, 5(2), 194–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1162662
Yin, R. K. (2008). Studi Kasus Desain dan Metode (terj.). Raja Grafindo Persada.
Published
2022-09-07
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Articles
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